What is the purpose of a base coat in nail application?

The purpose of a base coat in nail application is to prevent staining of the nail. This is especially important when using darker or more vibrant nail polishes which can leave discoloration on the natural nail if applied directly. The base coat creates a protective barrier between the nail and the polish, helping to shield the nail from potential staining while also enhancing the adhesion of the polish, which can lead to longer-lasting wear.

While other functions such as providing a color base, strengthening the natural nail, and adding shine are components of nail care, they do not capture the primary role of the base coat. Strengthening, for example, is typically the function of specialty treatments designed specifically for that purpose, and shine is usually an attribute of top coats rather than base coats. The main focus of the base coat is its protective quality against staining.