What is the primary function of a catalyst in chemical reactions?

The primary function of a catalyst in chemical reactions is to speed up a reaction. Catalysts achieve this by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction that has a lower activation energy, which allows the reacting molecules to collide more efficiently and convert into products at a faster rate. This acceleration of the reaction occurs without the catalyst being consumed in the process, meaning it can be used repeatedly in multiple reaction cycles.

Understanding this function of catalysts highlights their importance in various chemical processes, including industrial manufacturing and biological systems, where they facilitate reactions that might otherwise occur very slowly or not at all under typical conditions. This catalytic role is critical in many applications, such as improving the efficiency of chemical production or enhancing metabolic processes in living organisms.