In manicure services, what does the term "exfoliation" refer to?

The term "exfoliation" refers specifically to the process of removing excess skin cells from the surface of the skin. In manicure services, this technique is important because it helps to eliminate dead skin layers, improving the overall texture and appearance of the hands and nails. Exfoliating not only enhances the look of the skin but also prepares it to better absorb moisturizers and treatments that follow, leading to healthier, more vibrant skin.

Remaining options do not align with the definition of exfoliation. Applying lotion is focused on hydration rather than removal. Shaping the nails pertains to the physical structure of the nails, and cleaning under the nails addresses hygiene rather than the exfoliation of the skin itself. Thus, understanding exfoliation as the removal of dead skin cells is essential for effective manicure practices and improving client satisfaction.